Active And Passive Voice:
Some Important Rules:-
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P.V. is always written in 3rd form.
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P.V. starts with an object.
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H.V. is used according to object in P.V.
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Subject Changing-
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I = me
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We = us
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You = you
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He = him
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She = her
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They = them
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Unimportant subject as – everyone, someone, no one, each, people, none; are not used in P.V.
Note- Here A.V. = Active Voice
P.V. = Passive Voice
Assertive Sentence-
Rule No. 1. Simple Present
A.V. –> V1/V1+s/es
P.V. –> is/are/am+v3
Formula-
A.V. –> Sub.+V1/V1+s/es+obj+etc.
P. V. –> Obj+is/are/am+V3+by+sub+etc.
Examples-
1. He rings the bell daily.
The bell is rung by him daily
2. You know me.
I am known by you.
Rule No. 2. Simple Past
A.V. –> V2
P.V. –> was/were+V3
Examples-
1. You helped them yesterday.
They were helped by you yesterday.
2. I saw a tiger.
A tiger was seen by me.
Rule No. 3. Sentences Including Modal
A.V. –> modal
P.V. –> modal+be
Examples-
1. You can teach Hindi.
Hindi can be taught by you.
2. You must not do it today.
It must not be done by you today.
Rule No. 4. Present/Past Continuous
A.V. –> Sub+H.V.+V4+obj+etc.
P.V. –> Obj+H.V.+being+V3+by+Sub+etc.
Examples-
1. You are telling a story now.
A story is being told by you now.
2. I am speaking Hindi.
Hindi is being spoken by me.
Rule No. 5. Present Perfect
Formula-
A.V. –> Sub+has/have+V3+obj+etc.
P.V. –> Obj+has/have+been+V3+by+Sub+etc.
Examples-
1. He has shot a tiger.
A tiger has been shot by him.
2. You have stolen a book.
A book has been stolen by you.
Rule No. 6. Past Perfect
Formula-
A.V. –> Sub.+had+V3+Obj+etc.
P.V. –> Obj.+had been+V3+by+Sub+etc.
Examples-
1. She had cooked rice.
Rice had been cooked by her.
2. You had taught some plans.
Some plans had been taught by you.
Rule No. 7. Sentences starting with ‘Let’
Formula-
A.V. –> Let+Sub.+V1+Obj+etc
P.V. –> Let+Obj+be+V3+by+Sub+etc
Examples-
1. Let him stop the work.
Let the work be stopped by him.
2. Let them make a new plan.
Let a new plan be made by them.
Interrogative Sentence-
Rule No. 1.
Formula-
A.V. –> Do/does+Sub+V1+Obj+etc.+?
P.V. –> Is/are/am+Obj+V3+by+sub+etc.+?
Examples-
1. Do you learn stories?
Are stories learned by you?
2. Do you know me?
Am I known by you?
Rule No. 2. Simple Past (did)
A.V. –> Did+Sub+V1+Obj+etc+?
P.V. –> Was/were+Obj+V3+by+Sub+etc+?
Examples-
1. Did you sweep the room?
Was the room swept by you yesterday?
2. Did you punish him yesterday?
Was he punished by you yesterday?
Rule No. 3. Sentences Starting With Modal
Formula-
A.V. –> Modal+Sub+V1+Obj+etc+?
P.V. –> Modal+Obj+be+V3+by+Sub+etc+?
Examples-
1. Can you ring the bell?
Can the bell be rung by you?
2. Could you beat them?
Could they be beaten by you?
Rule No. 4. Perfect Tense
A.V. –> Has/have/had+Sub+V3+Obj+etc.+?
P.V. –> Has/have/had+Obj+been+V3+by+Sub+etc+?
Examples-
1. Have you taken your lunch?
Has your lunch been taken by you?
2. Had she make a plan just?
Had a plan been made by her just?
Rule No. 5. Continuous Tense
Formula-
A.V. –> Is/are/am/was/were+Sub.+V4+Obj+etc+?
P.V. –> H.V.+Obj+being+V3+by+Sub+etc+?
Examples-
1. Are you cutting the trees?
Are the trees being cut by you?
2. Was I teaching you at that time?
Were you being taught by me at that time?
Rule No. 6. Sentences Starting With ‘Wh. Word’
Examples-
1. What did you write yesterday?
What was written by you yesterday?
2. How does she think plans?
How are plans thought by her?
Rule No. 7. Sentences Starting With ‘Who’
A.V. –> Who+V1/V2+Obj+etc+?
P.V. –> By whom+H.V.+Obj+V3+etc+?
Examples-
1. Who teaches you every day?
By whom are you taught every day?
2. Who has made a plan?
By whom has a plan been made?
Rule No. 8. Sentences Starting WIth ‘Whom’
A.V. –> Whom+H.V.+Sub.+M.V.+etc+?
P.V. –> Who+H.V.+V3+by+Sub+etc+?
Examples-
1. Whom do you know?
Who is known by you?
2. Whom do you like?
Who is liked by you?
Imperative Sentence-
Rule No. 1. Sentences Starting With ‘V1’
A.V. –> V1+Obj+etc.
P.V. –> Let+Obj+be+V3+etc.
Examples-
1. Write an application.
Let an application be written.
2. Write this story.
Let this story be written.
Rule No. 2. Sentences Starting With ‘Please/Kindly’
A.V. –> Please/kindly+V1+Obj+etc.
P.V. –> You are requested to+V1+Obj+etc.
Examples-
1. Please help us.
You are requested to help me.
2. Kindly issue me the money.
You are requested to issue me the money.
Rule No. 3. Sentences Starting With ‘Do not’
A.V. –> Do not+V1+Obj+etc.
P.V. –> You are forbade to+V1+Obj+etc.
1. Do not make a noise.
You are forbade to make a noise.
2. Do not disturb me.
You are forbade to disturb me.
Some Special Rules:-
Rule No. 1. Sentences Starting With ‘No one/nobody’
A.V. –> Sub.(no one/nobody)+H.V.+M.V.+Obj+etc.
P.V.–> Obj+H.V.+not+V3+etc.
Examples-
1. No one can help you.
You cannot be helped.
2. No one rings the bell.
The bell is not rung.
Rule No. 2. Sentences including ‘to’
A.V.–> Sub.+H.V.+going to/about to/better to/have to+V1+Obj+etc.
P.V.–> Obj+H.V.+going to/about to/better to/have to+be+V3+by+Sub+etc.
Examples-
1. You are going to sell your English book.
Your English book is going to be sold by you.
2. He is about to play football.
Football is about to be played by him.
Rule No. 3. Double Object Sentences
A.V.–> Sub.+M.V.+Obj1+Obj2+etc.
P.V.1–> Obj1+H.V.+V3+Obj2+by+Sub+etc.
P.V.2–> Obj2+H.V.+V3+to+Obj1+by+Sub+etc.
Examples-
1. He sends him a book daily.
He is sent a book by him daily.
A book is sent to him by him daily.
2. She can send her brother a gift on his birthday.
Her brother can be sent a gift by him on his birthday.
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